Manufacture of soap



J. TSENG MANUFACTURE OF SOAP New 27 1923,

Filed April 6, 1921 Ina/en for 171W 72 4% TFMoh/ m Patented Nov- 27,1923.

UNITED STATES 1,475,663 .IP'ATENT OFFICE.

HGKNAMTSENG, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.

MANUFACTURE OF SOAP.

Application filed April 6, 1921. Serial ,No. 459,100.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JICKNAM TSENG, a citizen of the Republic of China, residing at London, England, have invented new and useful Improvements in or Relating to the Manufacture of Soap, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to the manufacture of transparent soap and transparent floating soap.

In the process of manufacture of transparent soap as at present carried out the soap as it leaves the machine is not transparent but has to be stored for about nine months before becoming transparent.

The important feature of the present invention is that the soap as it leaves the machine is trans arent and ready for immediate use or sa e.

According to one formula employed in carryin out the invention thesoap is compounds of the following ingredients in or about the proportions stated Cocoanut oil, 40 to parts.

Cottonseed oil, 25 to 30 parts.

Edible tallow, 30 parts.

Caustic soda, 14.5 parts.

Caustic potash, 1.5 parts.

Water, 40 parts (to dissolve the soda and otash Alec 01 (95%), 80 parts.

-Cane sugar, 20 to 25 parts (dissolved in the same weight of water about 75 0.).

'Lanafuchsine (red dye), 0.07 parts (or alternatively alkaline violet 0.09 parts, or

crystal scarlet 0.08 parts).

Alternatively, the following formula may he employed.

Cocoanut oil, parts.

Cottonseed oil, 35 parts.

Edible tallow, 85 parts.

Castor oil, 30 parts.

Caustic soda, 21 parts.

Caustic potash, 2.5 parts. 7

Water, 60 parts (to dissolve the soda and potash Alec 01 (95%), 120 parts.

Cane sugar, 20 to 25 parts (dissolved in the same weight of water at about 75 C.).

Lanafuchsine (red dye), 0.0? parts (or alternatively alkaline violet 0.08 parts, or crystal scarlet 0.08 parts).

With either of these formulae the process of manufacture is as followsz-The oils and fats are first melted at C. and carefully strained into a steam-jacketed mixing and distilling machine. The temperature is then raised to C., or C., and the caustic solution is stirred into the oils and fats and thoroughly mixed. The mixture is stirred for about 15 minutes, and the machine lid is then closed, and the mixture heated for one hour at a temperature of C. to C. Steam i then shut off,

the machine lid removed, andstirring is continued for a few minutes. The alcohol is then added, the machine lid closed, and stirring is resumedfor about 15 minutes or more in order to incorporate the whole mixture, which is then heated again for three hours at a temperature of 60C. to 65 (1., after which steam is shut off and the mixture allowed to stand for 24 hours. After resting the necessary period and bein reheated, the hot sugar solution is adde together with the dye in powder form, and stirring is resumed for a few minutes, after which the excess of alcohol is distilled off (taking about 1%; hours) and collected for use again. The steam is then shut oif and the machine lid removed. If perfume be required it must be added whilst the soap is still hot, and must be mixed thoroughly, afterwhich the soap is run into the frame.

Should a floating soap be required, the machine is stirred continuously, after distilling off the alcohol, until the soap just becomes solidified, when the soap is run into the frame, cooled, cut into pieces and pressed.

The materials used must be of the highest quality and perfectly clean. The addition of the dye or dyes mentioned causes the soap to appear much more transparent.

Somewhat better results were found on further research to be obtained with the following formula and process.

Russian tallow, 35 arts.

Cochin cocoa nut oi 30 parts.

' Castor oil or other vegetable oil, 25 parts.

Glycerine (or 15 parts cane sugar instead), 10 parts.

Caustic soda (NaCH) (or 13 parts where cane sugar is used), 13.9 parts.

Caustic potash (KOH), 3 parts.

Water to dissolve NaOH and KOH, 30-35 parts.

Alcohol 95%, 3540 parts.

- It is important that all the materials used are of the highest quality and perfectly clean.

The process of manufacture adopted with this formula is'substantially as follows, reference being made to the accompanying drawing which shews the apparatus em-. ployed in carrying out the same.

The oil, fats and glycerine are weighed out and put into the steam jacketed 'mixing and distilling machine A which is heated by turning on the steam .at a until all the fats are completely melted. The rotary mixing device a. is then started and the contents of, the machine thoroughly from the. lye tank 0 by opening the cock of pipe 0 and the mixture thoroughly stirred by the rotary stirrer a for about 15 minutes. The temperature is now increased to 80 0. at which it is maintained for 2% hours. During this period of heating the machine should be stirred at least three times, say every minutes, 'for five minutes each time to ensure the complete incorporation of the mixture.

The mixture is now ready to receive the stated amount of alcohol which is introduced into the machine A by way of the lye tank 0 the pipe 0 being subsequently closed to prevent escape of the alcoholic vapou into the atmosphere.

For a period of 8 hours the mixture is now kept at a t mperature of 0. after the first hour of which it is important that the mixture be stirred for 15 minutes and that stirring should be repeated every hour fora few minutes for the first four hours in order to enable the alcohol to dissolve the hard soap.

' After heating hours the temperature is raised to 0. and the heating at this higher temperature maintained for a further four hours, this making 12 hours of continuous heating.

At the end of this prolonged period of heating the temperature is lowered to 7 5 C. and at the same time steam is admitted to the jacket of the filter machine B until its temperature reach% 7 5 0. When the machines A and B are both at the same temperature of 7 5 C. the cock a at the bottom of machine A is opened to allow the soap to run slowly into the filter machine B. A good linen cloth should be employed to place on the filter 1) before the soap is filtered from A to B. The filtered soap in B is then maintained at the temperature of 75 0,

i for four hours then the steam in both machines A and B is shut off and the filtered soap in B allowed to stand for half an hour. The pipe 6' at the bottom of machine B is now opened and the soap allowed to run into the mixture for eight la soap frame. When cold and solid it is ready to cut and press. Before pressing however, it is found advantageous to dry the soap in hot air for a few hours. 7

- The temperature should be carefully observed by means of thermometers durin the whole of the process and if it is desire to add any colouring matter the followin dyes in the proportion stated may be use VIZ Y Lanafuchsine (red dye), .07 parts. Alakline'violet, .09 parts. Crystal scarlet, .08 parts. The dye isfirst dissolved in a little alcohol and put into the lye tank 0 and'the pipe 0 opened to allow the colouring matter to run into the machine A in wh1ch it is thoroughly incorporated with the soap therein b stirring the machineA for a few minutes efore filtering the soap into the" machine B.

If it is desired to add any perfume the lid and filter are removed from machine B and the temperature lowered to 65 0. The perfume is then added'and the machine well stirred before allowing the soap to run into the soap frame.

If a floating soap is required the soap in B is stirred continuousl dition of the perfume until t e soap is about to solidify and then it is allowed to run into the-frame.

, Where cane sugar is employed instead of glycerine it is first dissolved in the same a weight of hot water at 75 0. and the sugar solution thus formed added to the mixture in machine A after the 12 hours heating period and thoroughly incorporated with the mixture by stirring the machine A before filtering the mixture into machine B.

Each machine is connected by a pipe (1 with a condenser D so that the alcoholic after the advapours may be condensed and returned to soap being dissolved by alcohol during a.

prolonged heating and stirring of about 12 hours at a temperature of 80 0., to 85 0., during which time the alcoholic vapours are condensed and returned, subse uent filtration taking place at about 75 2. A rocess of makin transparent soap in WlliCl ninety parts 0 oils and fats are mixed with ten parts of glycerine and heated to about 7 5 0. and the mixture saponified at about 80 0., the hard soap being dissolved by alcohol during a prolonged heatin and stirrin for about eight hours at 80 and for a urther period of four hours at about 85 0., during which times the alcoholic vapours are condensed and returned, sub

" saponifyin about 80 with a solution of 13.9 parts of sequent filtration taking place at 75 C.

3. The process of making transparent soap in which ninety parts of oils and about at this temperature for four hours; shutting off the heat for half an hour and running the soap into a soap frame.

4. A process of making transparent soap co'mprisin the heating of a mixture of 35 parts of ussian tallow, 30 parts of Cochin cocoa nut oil, parts of a ve table oil and 10 parts of glycerine to a out 75 .G.; the same" at a temperature of caustic soda and 3 parts of caustic potash: in to parts of water with intermittent stirrin for about two and a half hours; dlSSOlVIII the hard soap with 30 to 35 parts of 95% alcohol at a temperature of 80 C. for about eight hours with intermittent stirring; and for a further. period of four hours at 85 (1., durin which times the alcoholic vapours are con ensed and returned, filtering the mixture at 75 C. and maintaining the filtered mixture at this temperature for eight hours at 80 C. and for a further" period of four hours at about 85 0., during which times the alcoholic vapours are condensed and returned, the soap being then mixed with .07 to .09 parts of dye prior to filtration at about 75 C.

-6. A process of making transparent floating soap in which ninety parts of oils and fats are mixed with ten arts of glycerine and heated fats are mixed with ten parts of glycerine and the mixture saponified at about 80 0., the hard soap being dissolved by'35 to 40 parts of 95% alcohol during a prolonged heating and stirring of about twelve hours at a temperature of 80 C. to 85 0., during which time the alcoholic vapours are condensed and returned, when the mixture'is filtered at about 75 C. and maintained at this temperature for about four hours after which the soap is continuously stirred until it is about to solidify when it is run into a frame.

7. A process of making transparent fioat- 7 ing soap in which ninety parts of oils and fats are mixed with ten parts of glycerine and heated to about 7 5 C. and the mixturesaponified at about 80 C., the hard sbap being dissolved by 35 to 40 partsof 95% alcohol during a prolonged heating and stirring for about eight hours at 80. C. and for a further period of four hours at about 85 C., during which time the alcoholic va ours are condensed and returned, the soap ing then mixed with .07 to, .09 parts of dye and filtered at about 75 C. at which temperature it is kept for about four hours afterwhich the soap is continuously stirred until it is about to solidify when it is run into a soap frame.

8, A process of making transparent vfloating soap comprising the heating of 35 parts of Russian tallow, 30 parts of Cochin cocoa nut oil, and 25 parts of a vegetable oil with ten parts of glycerine at 75 C.; mixing a solution of 13.9 parts of caustic soda and three parts of caustic potash in 30 to 35 parts of water therewith; raising the temperature to C. for 2-} hours with inter,- mittent stirring, adding 30 to 35 parts of 95% alcohol and maintaining the mixture at 80 C. for eight hours with intermittent stirring and for a further four hours at C., durmg which times the alcoholic vapours I are condensed and returned adding previously dissolved in alcohol dyed mixture at 7 5C. and maintaining the filtered soap at this temperature for about four hours; continuously stirring the soap until it is about to solidify and running the same into a frame. p 7

JICKNAM :rs'ENe. f 

